THAILAND

With a population of 71 million and a forecasted GDP of $546bn in 2025, Thailand is a small to medium-sized open upper-middle-income economy, supported by its diversification in tourism, manufacturing and agriculture, and gradual recovery in external resilience.

MALAYSIA

With a population of 34 million and a forecasted GDP of $444bn in 2025, Malaysia is a medium‑sized, open economy characterised by export diversification—including electronics, commodities, and emerging digital services—and moderate income per capita.

JAPAN

With a population of 121 million and a forecasted GDP of $4,186bn in 2025,Japan is a large advanced economy, offering high income per capita and a substantial positive net foreign asset position—estimated NIIP at ≈80% of GDP in 2023, one of the largest globally. The current ac

INDONESIA

With a population of 281 million and a forecasted GDP of $1,429bn in 2025, Indonesia is a large emerging‑market economy, with growing diversification and sizeable demographic advantage.