TAIWAN
With a population of 23 million and a forecasted GDP of $804bn in 2025, Taiwan's economic system is characterised by a robust export-oriented model, prominently featuring advanced technology and a strong industrial base. In 2023, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Taiwan amounted to around 23.5 trillion New Taiwan dollars or €681.5 billion. Annual GDP growth dropped to 1.3 percent in 2023 but was forecasted to grow to 3.9 percent in 2024.
As of 2022, projections for GDP growth in the near future have remained optimistic, with expectations of sustaining positive momentum. The medium-term economic outlook for Taiwan has been promising, supported by factors such as innovation, robust infrastructure, and strategic investments. These elements contribute to the country's resilience amid global uncertainties.
Macroeconomic fundamentals have been reported as sound, reflecting prudent fiscal policies and a resilient financial sector. This underlines Taiwan's ability to navigate challenges effectively. The currency exchange rate is influenced by various factors, including trade dynamics and global economic conditions. The New Taiwan Dollar (TWD) is subject to these influences, with the central bank implementing a stable exchange rate policy to ensure competitiveness and economic stability.
Summary
BNP Paribas has had a presence in Taiwan since 1981, the largest French bank in the country, and one of the most significant foreign banks, with branches in Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung. These branches offer comprehensive local and cross-border cash management and international trade finance services to Taiwanese, Chinese and foreign corporations. Cash management and international trade finance services are part of a wider suite of services from corporate advisory, capital markets, and specialist financing through to wealth management, asset management and insurance offerings.
Currency
- New Taiwan dollar (TWD).
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
Exchange rate: TWD per USD | 30.92 | 29.57 | 28.02 | 29.77 | 31.50 |
Sources: Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan), June 2021.
- The Taiwanese central bank is the Central Bank of the Republic of China (CBC – www.cbc.gov.tw).
Bank accounts
- A profit-seeking enterprise that is incorporated in Taiwan or its head office is in Taiwan is considered to be a Taiwanese resident company, unless it is regarded as a resident in another country under a Taiwanese tax treaty.
Within TAIWAN | Outside TAIWAN | |
Local Currency | Permitted without restriction, fully convertible. |
Local currency is not available offshore. |
Foreign Currency | Permitted without restriction, fully convertible. |
Permitted, fully convertible. A resident company must be present in a foreign country to open a foreign currency account |
Within TAIWAN | Outside TAIWAN | |
Local Currency | Permitted with restrictions, convertible. Only foreign banks, insurers or securities firms with Ministry of Finance approval are permitted to hold TWD cheque accounts |
Not applicable. |
Foreign Currency | Permitted without restriction, fully convertible. |
Not applicable |
- Per-item-based charges and/or subscription fees are applied on payments between resident and non-resident bank accounts.
BNP Paribas Cash Management Capabilities
Cash collections | |
Cheque collections | |
Direct debit collections | |
Domestic incoming transfers | |
Virtual IBAN | |
Virtual accounts | |
International incoming transfers | |
Card acquiring |
Cash withdrawals | |
Cheque payments | |
Direct debit payments | |
Domestic outgoing transfers | |
Commercial cards | |
Virtual cards | |
International outgoing transfers | |
SWIFT gpi | |
Real-time international payments through BNP Paribas’ network | |
Card issuing |
Local e-Banking | |
Global e-Banking - Connexis | |
SWIFT/ host to host |
Payments & collections
As of August 2023, 13 financial institutions had approximately 310,000 cash cards in business, while 32 institutions had issued 57.67 million credit cards, with a total of 36.83 million active cards. Visa and MasterCard-branded credit cards are the most widely issued.
The Taiwanese government is investing heavily in promoting digital payments and has set a target of 90% of mobile phone users using mobile payments by 2025. Mobile payments totalled TWD 120.9 billion in the first seven months of 2020, a 156% increase year on year. LINE Pay, Apple Pay and JKoPay are the most popular mobile payment methods. This emphasis on mobile and electronic payments has seen a marked decline in the use of cheques by companies and consumers. The launch of internet-only banks (three banks were granted licences in 2019, LINE Bank, Next Bank and Rakuten Bank) is likely to further increase the adoption of digital payments.
Electronic banking services are available from most banks. There is no national electronic banking standard in Taiwan, so companies use banks’ proprietary services.
Online and mobile banking services are provided by Taiwan’s leading banks.
FISC, an electronic funds transfers system, operates a Mobile Banking Payment System linking telecoms companies with financial institutions. Mobile banking transactions increased 51% and 74% in value and volume terms in 2019. Internet banking transactions increased 14% and 74% in value and volume terms.
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- Credit transfers are used by companies to pay salaries and suppliers, and to make tax payments.
- High-value and urgent TWD-denominated credit transfers are settled in real time via the CIFS.
- High-value and urgent transfers can also be made through FISC and are processed on a same day basis.
- Low-value and non-urgent TWD-denominated credit transfers can be settled on a same-day basis via the IRS, or settled within two working days via the ACH. Final settlement takes place via the CIFS.
- The FISC operates a clearing and settlement platform for processing domestic and cross-border EUR, JPY, USD and RMB payments.
- Cross-border credit transfers can also be settled via correspondent banking networks. Most banks have a direct connection to the SWIFT network. Some banks can access TARGET2 for high-value transfers or STEP1/STEP2 for low-value transfers through their correspondent banking partners.
- The volume and value of ACG credit (debit) transfers rose by 0.9% and 1.0% in 2019, on 2018 figures, to 124.3 million, with a value of TWD 31,016 billion.
- The cheque is a popular cashless payment instrument. It is primarily used by companies.
- Cheques are truncated into electronic items before being processed via the TCH. Cheques are still manually processed in the Hualien, Taitung and Penghu clearing houses.
- Final settlement takes place via the CIFS on a next-day basis for eCheques, within two working days for intracity cheques and within seven working days for intercity cheques. Foreign cheques take 14 days to clear.
- The volume and value of cheque settlement fell 5.5% and 6.2% in 2019, on 2018 figures, to 83.6 million, with a value of TWD 14,936 billion.
- There were 31,216 ATMs in Taiwan at the end of 2020.
- All ATMs and POS terminals are EMV-compliant.
- Payments are processed via the National Credit Card Centre or the Shared Credit Card and ATM System and settled via the CIFS.
- Four electronic stored value card institutions (Easycard Corp., Ipass Corp., icash Corp. and Yuan Hsin Digital Payment Coporation) and one commercial bank are engaged in electronic stored value card business in Taiwan. E-money cards in Taiwan are restricted to a maximum value of TWD 10,000.
- There were 135.2 million stored-value pre-paid cards in circulation at the end of 2020.
- There are 28 e-payment institutions in Taiwan and as of December 2020, there were 11.8 registered users. JKoPay and IPASS are the largest e-payment institutions.
- E-money payments are settled via the individual schemes.
Short term investments
Interest payable on credit balances
- Current accounts are non-interest bearing.
Demand deposits
- Demand deposits denominated in TWD or major foreign currencies are available for terms up to one year.
- Interest earned by non-residents on foreign currency accounts held at Offshore Banking Units is not taxed.
Time deposits
- Time deposits are available in TWD or major foreign currencies with terms ranging from overnight to one year.
- Time deposits are not permitted for investors from abroad.
Certificates of deposit
- Domestic banks and the CBC issue certificates of deposit with terms ranging from one to 12 months.
- Certificates of deposit can be issued paying fixed or variable interest.
Treasury (government) bills
- The Taiwanese government issues Treasury bills (T-bills) via the CBC. The minimum investment is TWD 5 million.
- T-bills are issued with terms ranging from 63 to 364 days.
- The minimum denomination is TWD 5 million for initial auctions and TWD 1 million at buy-back auctions.
- Domestic commercial paper is issued by companies. Most paper is issued as short-term, unsecured promissory notes with terms ranging from one month to one year.
Money market funds
- Domestic money market funds are available as short-term investment instruments.
- Foreign investors are prohibited from investing over 30% of their funds in money market funds with terms of less than 12 months.
Repurchase agreements
- Repurchase agreements with maturities ranging from overnight to one week are commonly available in Taiwan.
Banker's acceptances
- Banker's acceptances are not widely used in Taiwan.
BNP Paribas Trade Finance Capabilities
Documentary credits | |
Documentary collections |
Bank guarantees | |
Standby letters of credit |
Receivables | |
Payables | |
Inventory |
Connexis Trade | |
Connexis Supply Chain | |
SWIFTNet Trade for Corporates | |
Connexis Connect | |
Connexis Guarantee | |
SWIFTnet Supply Chain |
- BNP Paribas Global Trade Solutions (GTS) offers dedicated trade finance support, providing traditional trade finance and supply chain management solutions in line with the needs of corporations headquartered in, or operating in Taiwan. The local GTS team supports some of the biggest names in the manufacturing and Information Technology industries based on its expertise, supply chain management solutions and access to the GTS network.
International trade
- Taiwan is a member of an Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) with China.
- Taiwan currently has 7 free trade zones, six sea ports and one airport: i) Keelung Port FTZ, ii) Suao Port FTZ, iii) Taipei Port FTZ, iv) Taoyuan Air Cargo Park FTZ, v) Taichung Port FTZ, vi) Anping Port FTZ, vii) Kaohsiung Port FTZ.
FTAs signed with trading partners: New Zealand, Singapore, Eswatini, Paraguay, Guatemala, Panama, Belize, Marshall Islands.
For more details: cf. https://www.trade.gov.tw/english/Pages/List.aspx?nodeID=672
Imports | Electronic products (18.2%) | Mineral products (15.2%) | Machinery (12.4%) | Chemicals (10.8%) | Base metals (7.3%) | |
Primary Import sources | Mainland China & Hong Kong (19.6%) | Japan (17.6%) | Europe (12.6%) | USA (12.4%) | ASEAN countries (11.8%) | Middle East (7.7%) |
Exports | Electronics (33.1%)
| Information, communication, audio products (10.8%) | Base metals (8.8%) | Plastics & rubber (7.1%) | Machinery (7.5%) | |
Export markets | Mainland China & Hong Kong (40.0%) | ASEAN countries (18.3%) | USA (12.0%) | Europe (9.0%) | Japan (7.0%) | South Korea (5.0%) |
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
Exports | - goods USD m | 309,283 | 342,706 | 345,495 | 330,743 | 342,303 |
- services USD m | 41,291 | 45,213 | 50,209 | 51,838 | 41,263 | |
Imports | - goods USD m | 238,323 | 261,448 | 278,461 | 273,072 | 267,136 |
- services USD m | 51,778 | 53,936 | 56,831 | 56,905 | 37,767 | |
Current account as % GDP | 13.5 | 14.7 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 14.2 |
For updated data, cf.:
https://tradingeconomics.com/taiwan/imports
https://tradingeconomics.com/taiwan/exports