ALGERIA
With a population of 40 million, vast hydrocarbon reserves and its proximity to Europe, Algeria has significant economic development potential, but its future outlook is subject to great uncertainties. In addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, Algeria will have to deal with large macroeconomic imbalances. After a recession of 5% in 2020, the economy should post a modest rebound in 2021 (3.5%) before to decelerate again due to the necessity of consolidating public finances and external accounts. Algeria is fundamentally a state-driven economy that runs large twin deficits. The rebound in global oil prices will thus provide a short-term respite but this will not be sufficient to restore macroeconomic stability.
The fragile socio-political context since the resignation of former President Bouteflika compounds these difficulties. Negligible external debt gives some room for manoeuvre, however, even if the rapid erosion of FX reserves is a source of concern. Furthermore, macroeconomic challenges have pushed the authorities to change their attitude towards foreign investors. Several reforms have been introduced since the beginning of 2020 with a view to improve the country’s attractiveness, in particular in the oil and gas sector as many years of under-investment and robust domestic energy consumption have affected the country’s ability to export hydrocarbon products.
Summary
BNP Paribas El-Djazaïr was launched in 2002 and is one of only a few international banks in Algeria. The bank has actively developed its capabilities, which include card issuing and acquiring, and has become a reliable and trusted partner both for corporations and retail customers, with 13 business centres supporting both Algerian companies operating internationally and foreign companies doing business in the country.
BNP Paribas is one of the top 3 retail banks in sub-Saharan Africa with a well-established African network across 9 countries: Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Gabon and Mali. The bank offers a full range of products and services, with experienced sales, support and product teams across 676 branches and 36 corporate business centres.
Currency
- Algerian dinar (DZD)
Exchange rate | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
Exchange rate: DZD per USD | 109.44 | 110.97 | 116.59 | 119.35 | 126.78 |
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics, July 2021.
- The Algerian central bank is Banque d'Algérie (www.bank-of-algeria.dz).
Bank supervision
- Algerian banks are supervised by The Banking Commission (Commission bancaire)
- Licensing and regulation of Algerian banks is carried out by the Money and Credit Council (Conseil de la Monnaie et du Crédit).
- The Governor of Banque d'Algérie chairs all of the supervisory institutions.
Bank accounts
- A company is considered resident in Algeria if it is incorporated in Algeria.
- Branches of foreign companies and permanent establishments are also considered resident for tax purposes.
Within ALGERIA | Outside ALGERIA | |
Local Currency | Permitted without restriction. |
Not permitted |
Foreign Currency | Permitted with restrictions. CEDAC accounts only are fully convertible |
Not permitted |
Within ALGERIA | Outside ALGERIA | |
Local Currency | Permitted without restrictions, fully convertible |
Not permitted |
Foreign Currency | Permitted without restrictions, fully convertible. |
Not applicable |
- Percentage-based lifting fees are typically applied on payments between resident and non-resident accounts.
BNP Paribas Cash Management Capabilities
Cash collections | |
Cheque collections | |
Direct debit collections | |
Domestic incoming transfers | |
Virtual IBAN | |
Virtual accounts | |
International incoming transfers | |
Card acquiring |
Cash withdrawals | |
Cheque payments | |
Direct debit payments | |
Domestic outgoing transfers | |
Commercial cards | |
Virtual cards | |
International outgoing transfers | |
SWIFT gpi | |
Real-time international payments through BNP Paribas’ network | |
Card issuing |
Local e-Banking | |
Global e-Banking - Connexis | |
SWIFT/ host to host |
Payments & collections
Algeria is largely a cash-based economy. Payment card penetration rate is low but rising as consumers become more comfortable using cards as a payment method. For example, in Q1 2021, there were 1,782,213 internet transactions carried out by CIB and Edahabia cards, a 340.65% increase on the same period 2020. Value rose from DZD 634 million to DZD 2.2 billion.
The government is keen to encourage the use of electronic payments and as such in September 2020, made the use of all electronic payments free of charge. As of 31 December 2020, all merchants were required to set up infrastructure to enable cashless transactions. Merchants without the means to receive electronic payments are required to set up a remote payment service, i.e. the TPE QR Code, by end-2021.
Limited electronic banking services are available from some banks. These services are primarily used by larger companies. There is no national electronic banking system in Algeria, so companies use banks’ proprietary services.
Limited online and mobile banking services are provided by the country’s leading banks. The use of digital financial services is low: 16% of adults use digital payments.
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ATCI | Type |
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Transaction types processed |
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System holidays |
* The date shown may vary by plus or minus one day. These dates are derived by converting from a non-Gregorian calendar (e.g., Muslim or Hindu) to the Gregorian calendar. Some of these dates cannot be determined in advance with absolute accuracy, even by the governing authorities. In the case of Muslim dates in particular, the feast days are determined by the sighting of a new/full moon. |
- Credit transfers are used by companies to pay salaries and suppliers.
- High-value credit transfers are settled in real time via ARTS.
- Low-value credit transfers are settled on a same-day basis via ATCI.
- Cross-border transfers can be made via SWIFT and settled through correspondent banks abroad.
- Direct debits are used for regular payments, such as utility bills.
- Direct debits are settled on a same-day basis via ATCI, with the beneficiary able to access funds on a next-day basis.
- The cheque is the most popular cashless payment instruments, used by both consumers and companies.
- Cheques are truncated into electronic items before being settled on a same-day basis via ATCI. The beneficiary is able to access funds on a T+2 basis.
- Card penetration, particularly of credit cards, is low in Algeria but rising,
- There are approximately 6.5 million cardholders.
- The Carte Interbancaire (CIB) debit card scheme is operated by SATIM (Société d’Automatisation des Transactions Interbancaires et de Monétique). There are over two million SATIM cards in circulation. The CIB card can be used to pay for services and bills online.
- Algérie Poste issues a debit/ATM card, the Carte Edahabia. There are approximately five million Edahabia cards in circulation. The Edahabia card can be used to pay for services and bills online.
- In Q1 2021, there were 1,782,213 online transactions carried out by CIB and Edahabia cards, a 340.65% increase on the same period 2020. Value rose from DZD 634 million to DZD 2.2 billion.
- Contactless payment cards are expected to be issued in 2020.
- Algeria’s national CIB card payments are cleared by SATIM. Sixteen banks and Algérie Poste participate in SATIM.
- Internationally-branded card payments can be processed via the card-issuing companies.
- There are approximately 3,030 ATMs in Algeria.
- There are 38,144 very small enterprises using TPEs (electronic payment terminals) in Algeria. In May 2021, there were 195,440 TPE payments transacted, with a value of DZD 1,297.8 million.
- SATIM operates Algeria's ATM and EFTPOS networks.
- Payments can be settled on a same-day basis via by SATIM.
- Electronic money schemes are available in the form of reloadable pre-paid cards.
- In 2020, Algérie Poste launched its electronic payments system for mobile phones. Barid PAY allows users to pay for items using just their phones.
- In March 2021, the National Bank of Algeria launched a contactless mobile payment app, Wimpay-BNA, based on a QR code.
Short term investments
Interest payable on credit balances
- Interest-bearing accounts are permitted.
Demand deposits
- Demand deposits denominated in DZD are available.
Time deposit money market instruments
- Time deposits are available in DZD or major foreign currencies (USD, GBP, CHF and EUR). Minimum tenor is three months for DZD deposits. Foreign currency deposits have a minimum tenor of one month.
- The minimum investment for DZD-denominated time deposits is DZD 10,000.
- Interest rates are generally set by Banque d'Algérie.
Certificates of deposit
- Domestic banks issue medium term notes with terms ranging from three months to four years. These are negotiable instruments.
Treasury (government) bills
- The Banque d'Algérie issues Treasury bills for terms of 13 and 26 weeks.
- No commercial paper market exists in Algeria.
Money market funds
- Money market funds are not popular short-term investment instruments.
Repurchase agreements
- Repurchase agreements are available in Algeria.
Banker's acceptances
- Banker's acceptances are not used in Algeria.
BNP Paribas Trade Finance Capabilities
Documentary credits | |
Documentary collections |
Bank guarantees | |
Standby letters of credit |
Receivables | |
Payables | |
Inventory |
Connexis Trade | |
Connexis Supply Chain | |
SWIFTNet Trade for Corporates | |
Connexis Connect | |
Connexis Guarantee | |
SWIFTnet Supply Chain |
- BNP Paribas is ranked as one of the top five banks for trade finance in Algeria. The bank's Global Trade Solutions (GTS) team includes six highly-skilled trade finance experts based in Algiers, offering a comprehensive range of cross-border and domestic trade finance and working capital solutions to corporations headquartered or operating in Algeria.
International trade
- As a member of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA), Algeria has eliminated most trade tariffs with GAFTA member states. GAFTA comprises Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
- Algeria has an Association Agreement with the EU.
- Algeria is in negotiations with Libya to establish an FTA.
- The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) is a trade agreement between 55 African Union member states. Free trading officially commenced under the AfCFTA on 1 January 2021.
Imports | Refined petroleum | Wheat | Packaged medical supplies | Milk | Vehicle parts | |
Primary Import sources | China (18.0%) | France (14.0%) | Italy (8.0%) | Spain (8.0%) | Germany (5.0%) | Turkey (5.0%) |
Exports | Crude petroleum | Natural gas | Refined petroleum | Fertilizers | Ammonia | |
Export markets | Italy (13.0%) | France (13.0%) | Spain (12.0%) | USA (7.0%) | UK (7.0%) | India (5.0%) |
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
Exports | - goods USD m | 29,317 | 34,570 | 41,124 | 34,995 | NA |
- services USD m | 3,430 | 3,002 | 3,264 | 3,325 | NA | |
Imports | goods USD m | 49,317 | 48,811 | 48,284 | 44,321 | NA |
- services USD m | 10,880 | 11,317 | 11,769 | 9,937 | NA | |
Current account as % GDP | – 16.4 | – 13.2 | – 9.8 | – 10.6 | NA |
Sources: IMF, International Financial Statistics, July 2021.